Oncology Certified Nurse (OCN) Nursing Practice Test

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What does Amifostine protect against in patients receiving cisplatin?

Neuropathy
Myelosuppression
Nephrotoxicity
Infection

The correct answer is: Nephrotoxicity

Amifostine is a cytoprotective agent that is primarily used to reduce nephrotoxicity associated with cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapy drug, is effective in treating various cancers but can lead to significant kidney damage. Amifostine acts as a free radical scavenger, specifically targeting the kidney cells, thereby protecting them from oxidative stress and injury caused by cisplatin. This protective effect of Amifostine is crucial for preserving renal function in patients undergoing cisplatin treatment, as renal toxicity can lead to dose limitations and reduced efficacy of chemotherapy. By mitigating these risks, Amifostine helps ensure that patients can continue their cancer treatment with less interruption and maintain better overall kidney health. While cisplatin can also cause various other side effects, such as neuropathy and myelosuppression, Amifostine is specifically known and studied for its nephroprotective properties in this context.